E-scooters and e-bikes in Kigali, Rwanda. Credits : Guraride It is a complex endeavour to make decisions on how to transform transport systems towards sustainability (Nurhadi, BorĂ©n, & Ny, 2014). Technological advancement and innovation in the transport sector, among other sectors, has given rise to concepts such as ‘smart cities’, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (Rifkin, Palgrave Macmillan) and is considered to contribute to the transition towards sustainability. Even though new technology is generally advocated for as a contribution to sustainable development, the link between “smart” and “sustainable” is not always straightforward (Haarstad, 2017). Electric mobility is a recent phenomenon in Sub-Saharan Africa. The situation is gradually evolving with the introduction of electric two- and three-wheelers such as bikes, tricycles, motorcycles as well as buses and cars. Some specific examples include Nopia Ride’s electric taxis and Opibus’ electric motorcycles in Kenya; Guraride...
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